Reviews by subject: internals and hardware
A total of
123 titles.
See our list of Recommended
books at the end of this list.
AVR RISC Microcontroller Handbook by Dr Claus Kuhnel [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Advanced Computer Architectures-A Design Space Approach by D Sima [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1998)
Advanced PC Architecture by William Buchanan & Adrian Wilson (Reviewed Apr 2001)
Analog and Digital Filter Design Using C by Les Thede [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1997)
Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software, The by Irv Englander [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1998)
Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software by Irv Englander [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 2000)
Art of C, The by Herbert Schildt (Reviewed Mar 1992)
Art of Programming Embedded Systems, The by Jack G. Ganssle (Reviewed Sep 1999)
BASIC Stamp An Introduction to Microcontrollers by Dr Claus Kuhnel (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Born to Code in C by Herbert Schildt (Reviewed Jan 1991)
Build Your Own Home Network by Diane McMichael Gilster & Ron Gilster [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 2000)
Building a Better Moustrap by Jeffrey S Donovan (Reviewed Sep 1993)
Byte Guide to CD-ROM by Michael Nadeau (Reviewed May 1994)
C & the 8051 by Tom Schultz [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
C Language Algorithms for Digital Signal Processing by Paul M Embree & Bruce Kimble (Reviewed Sep 1992)
C for Engineers by B Bramer & S Bramer [Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1993)
C for the Microprocessor Engineer by S J Cahill (Reviewed Nov 1996)
C++ Communications Utilities by Bob Flanders & Michael Holmes [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1994)
C++ for Engineers by Bramer [Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1996)
CAN System Engineering: From Theory to Practice. by Wolfhard Lawrenz [Recommended with Reservations] (Reviewed Sep 1999)
Complete Idiots Guide to Fixing Your #$%@ PC by Michael Miller (Reviewed May 2000)
Computer Animation Programming Methods & Techniques by Canton & Sanchez [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1996)
Computer Arithmetic Systems by Amos Omondi (Reviewed Nov 1994)
DOS and Windows Protected Mode (1993 copyright) by Al Williams (Reviewed Sep 1997)
Debugging Embedded Microprocessor Systems by Stuart Ball [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Definitive Guide to LEGO Mindstorms by Dave Baum (Reviewed Jul 2000)
Detecting the World by David McCombs [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Dec 2000)
Developing Real Time Embedded Software in a Market Driven Company by unknown (Reviewed Nov 1994)
Developing Windows NT Device Drivers by Edward Dekker & Joseph Newcomer (Reviewed Feb 2001)
Developing Your Own 32-Bit Operating System by Richard Burgess [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1996)
Dictionary of PC Hardware & Communications Terms by Mitchell Shinier (Reviewed Nov 1996)
Digital Signal Processing with C and the TMS320C30 by Rulph Chassaing (Reviewed Sep 1994)
EGA/VGA A Programmer's Reference Guide (2nd ed) by Kliewer (Reviewed Nov 1995)
Efficient Memory Programming by David Loshin [Recommended with Reservations] (Reviewed Sep 1999)
Embedded Microprocessor Systems; Real World Design by Stuart Ball [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Embedded Systems Design by Steve Heath [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Extending DOS (Second Edition) by Ray Duncan & Charles Petzold [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1992)
FAX Modem Sourcebook, The by Andrew Margolis [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1996)
File Formats Handbook, The by Gunter Born [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1996)
File Structures (Second Edition) by M J Folk & W Zoellick [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1992)
File Structures, An Object Oriented Approach with C++ by M. Folk [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1998)
Hardware Bible - Premier Edition by W L Rosch [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1998)
How To Expand & Upgrade PCs by Preston Gralla [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 2000)
IBM PS/2 From the Inside Out, The by unknown [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1991)
Indespensible PC Hardware Book (3rd ed), The by Hans-Peter Messner (Reviewed Sep 1997)
Indispensable Pentium Book, The by Hans-Peter Messmer (Reviewed Sep 1997)
Indispensible PC Hardware Book (2nd ed), The by Messmer [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1995)
Industrial Control Handbook 3rd ed. by Andrew Parr [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Inside PC Tools Deluxe by unknown [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1991)
Inside the Power PC by Jeff Duntemann & Ron Pronk (Reviewed May 1995)
Inside the Windows 95 File System by Stan Mitchell (Reviewed Jul 1998)
Inside the Windows 95 Registry by Ron Petrusha [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1997)
Inside the Windows NT File System by Helen Custer [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1995)
Intel Microprocessors, The by Barry Brey [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1994)
Interfacing with C by Howard Hutchings [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1995)
Introduction to RISC Assembly Language Programming by John Waldron [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1999)
LABVIEW Graphical Programming by Gary Johnson [Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1996)
Linux Device Drivers by Alessandro Rubini [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1999)
Little Audio CD Book, The by Josh McDaniel & Bob Starrett [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 2000)
MS-DOS System Progamming Edited by Robert Ward (Reviewed Jan 1993)
MS-DOS System Programming (3rd ed) by Burki & Ward (Reviewed Nov 1995)
Managing the Windows NT Registry by Paul Robichaux (Reviewed Nov 1998)
Microcontroller Cookbook: PIC & 8051 by M R James (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Microprocessor Architectures by Steve Heath [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Microprocessor Interfacing and Applications by MA Mustafa (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Modems Made Easy by David Hakala (Reviewed Nov 1993)
Mother of All Windows 95 Books, The by Woody Leonhard & Barry Simon [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1996)
Newnes Computer Engineer's Pocket Book (4th ed) by M Tooley (Reviewed Jul 1996)
Numerical Methods for DSP Systems in C by Don Morgan (Reviewed Jul 1998)
PC Architecture from Assembly Language to C by Hergert & Thibeault (Reviewed May 1999)
PC File Formats & Conversions by Kussmann [Not Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1992)
PC First Aid Kit by Marty Jerome & Wendy Taylor [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1994)
PC Interfacing Using Centronic, RS232 and Game Ports by Pei An (Reviewed May 1998)
PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming by Buchanan (Reviewed Mar 1999)
PC Intern System Programming by Michael Tischer [Highly Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1993)
PC Interrupts (Second Edition) by Ralf Brown & Jim Kyle (Reviewed May 1994)
PC Interrupts by Ralf Brown & Jim Kyle [Recommended] (Reviewed Mar 1992)
PIC Your Personal Introductory Course by John Morton [Highly Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1999)
PenPoint Application Writing Guide by Ralf Brown & Jim Kyle (Reviewed Nov 1992)
Personal Computer from the Inside Out, The by Sargent & Shoemaker [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1995)
Pipelined and Parallel Computer Architectures by Sajjan G. Shiva (Reviewed Sep 1997)
Professional Linux Programming by Neil Matthew & Richard Stones [Recommended] (Reviewed Feb 2001)
Programmer's Guide to SCSI, The by Brian Sawert [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1998)
Programmer's Guide to Sound, A by Tim Kientzle (Reviewed Mar 1999)
Programming & Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller by Ashutosh Ahluwalia & Yerlan (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++ by Michael Barr [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1999)
Protected Mode Software Architecture by Tom Shanley [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1997)
SCSI Bus and IDE Interface 2ed, The by Friedhelm Schmidt [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1998)
Smart Card Handbook by W Effing & W Rankl [Highly Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1997)
Smart Cards. A guide to building and managing smart card applications by Henry Dreifus & J. Thomas Monk [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1998)
Systems Programming for Windows 95 by Walter Oney [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1998)
Systems Programming in Microsoft C (Second Edition) by Michael J Young (Reviewed May 1992)
Troubleshooting and Configuring the Windows NT/95 Registry by C Johnson (Reviewed Nov 1997)
Troubleshooting, Maintaining & Repairing PCs by Stephen Bigelow (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Ultimate DOS Programmers Manual, The by John Mueller & Wallace Wang [Not Recommended] (Reviewed May 1992)
Unauthorized Windows 95 by Andrew Schulman [Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1995)
Underground Guide to Computer Security, The by M Alexander (Reviewed Sep 1996)
Underground Guide to Troubleshooting PC Hardware, The by A Poor (Reviewed Sep 1996)
Underground Guide to Windows 95, The by Scot Finnie (Reviewed May 1997)
Undocumented DOS 2nd ed by Schulman [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1994)
Undocumented DOS by Andrew Schulman [Highly Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1993)
Undocumented Windows by A Schulman [Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1992)
Uninterrupted Interrupts by Ralf Brown & Jim Kyle (Reviewed Jul 1996)
Upgrade Your Own PC by Linda Rohrbough (Reviewed May 1997)
Upgrading and Repairing PCs (10th anniversary ed) by Scott Mueller (Reviewed Jan 1999)
Upgrading and Repairing PCs (6ed) by Scott Mueller [Recommended] (Reviewed Jan 1997)
VHDL for Designers by L Lindh & S Sjoholm [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1997)
Win98 Registry Little Black Book by Greg Holden (Reviewed Nov 1998)
Windows Annoyances by D A Karp [Recommended] (Reviewed Nov 1997)
Windows Internals by Matt Pietrek [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 1994)
Windows NT File System Internals A Developer's Guide by R Nagar (Reviewed Jan 1998)
Windows Telephony Programming by Chris Sells (Reviewed Jul 1999)
Windows Undocumented File Formats by Pete Davis & Mike Wallace [Recommended] (Reviewed Jul 2000)
Winn L Rosch Hardeware Bible (5th ed), The by Winn L Rosch (Reviewed Jan 2000)
Writing DOS Device Drivers in C by Phillip M Adams & Clovis L Tondo (Reviewed Nov 1991)
Writing Device Drivers for SCO Unix - A Practical Approach by Peter Kettle & Steve Statler (Reviewed May 1993)
Writing MS-DOS Device Drivers (Second Edition) by Robert S Lai (Reviewed Jan 1993)
Writing Unix Device Drivers by G. Pajari [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1992)
Writing Windows Virtual Device Drivers by David Thielen & Bryan Woodruff [Recommended] (Reviewed May 1994)
Writing Windows VxDs and Device Drivers by Karen Hazzah [Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1995)
Zen and the Art of Code Optimisation by Michael Abrash (Reviewed Jul 1997)
Zen of Graphics Programming (2ed) by Michael Abrash (Reviewed Mar 1997)
Zen of Graphics Programming by Michael Abrash [Highly Recommended] (Reviewed Sep 1995)
List of Recommended Books
- AVR RISC Microcontroller Handbook
by Dr Claus Kuhnel
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
However there are several pointers to where there are free assemblers and
other utilities that should cover most things. There are a good number of
projects to keep most students busy for a while.
- Advanced Computer Architectures-A Design Space Approach
by D Sima
[Recommended]
- Brian Bramer writes:
A well written and presented book. As an aid in presenting concepts
the authors use a 'design space approach' which is a diagrammatic
method of presenting significant design aspects and choice of
particular architectures.
- Analog and Digital Filter Design Using C
by Les Thede
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
So there it is, a readable no-nonsense book on the fundamentals of filters
with source code and executables at an affordable price. I like it and would
buy it.
- Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software, The
by Irv Englander
[Recommended]
- David Hodge writes:
Overall I found the book readable and interesting and would certainly
help someone looking for a single volume that serves as an introduction to
the inner workings of a computer.
- Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software
by Irv Englander
[Recommended]
- Alyn Scott writes:
My background is in electronics, but I learnt quite a lot from reading this book
- Build Your Own Home Network
by Ron Gilster & Diane McMichael Gilster
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
this is a simple, well-written and well-informed book...
- C for Engineers
by B Bramer & S Bramer
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
A good general C primer suitable for novices especially those
interested in hardware.
- C++ Communications Utilities
by Michael Holmes & Bob Flanders
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
If you need a comms program and want to learn
about comms you could do much worse. A novel idea that works.
Recommended.
- C++ for Engineers
by Bramer
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
This is a good C++ book with a slightly different perspective to that of the
usual flood of C++ books. I find it a refreshing change, but then I started
life in hardware as well.
- CAN System Engineering: From Theory to Practice.
by Wolfhard Lawrenz
[Recommended with Reservations]
- Chris Hills writes:
Without the software license highly recommended. With the software
license definitely NOT recommended.
- Debugging Embedded Microprocessor Systems
by Stuart Ball
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
This book is a must for students, hobbyists and those without a team to back
them up to explain the range of tools and techniques.
- Developing Your Own 32-Bit Operating System
by Richard Burgess
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
Rest assured that
the title is not a joke. The author leads you through writing your own
32-bit OS based on the one he wrote for himself.
- Efficient Memory Programming
by David Loshin
[Recommended with Reservations]
- J Crickett writes:
Recommended, with reservations about the price.
- Embedded Microprocessor Systems; Real World Design
by Stuart Ball
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
The text explains things in some detail that will permit the reader to
understand how and why things work and tips as to why some things may
not.
- Embedded Systems Design
by Steve Heath
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
This book was a breath of fresh air. It is written by a working industrial
embedded systems engineer, not an academic writing for students or a book
aimed at the hobby market.
- Extending DOS (Second Edition)
by Ray Duncan & Charles Petzold
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
This book does a good job of demystifying the subject area.
- FAX Modem Sourcebook, The
by Andrew Margolis
[Recommended]
- Ruben Galea writes:
This book gives an in-depth insight into the world of faxes and fax
modems providing a guide which allows the reader to acquaint himself with the
standards of fax transmission and reception.
- File Formats Handbook, The
by Gunter Born
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
What can I say about this book? Well you are not having my copy for
starters...
- File Structures (Second Edition)
by M J Folk & W Zoellick
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
In simple terms, if you are writing a program whose performance is affected
by access to storage devices this is a book that you ought to read and keep
on your shelf afterwards.
- File Structures, An Object Oriented Approach with C++
by M. Folk
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
This is a book about designing and using file
structures. As such it makes an excellent study of this important subject
area.
- Hardware Bible - Premier Edition
by W L Rosch
[Recommended]
- Brian Bramer writes:
It would be useful as a reference for
hardware or software engineers working on or using IBM PC technology and
in a library in educational institutions running courses in computer
science, IT, electrical engineering, etc.
- IBM PS/2 From the Inside Out, The
by unknown
[Recommended]
- David A Isom writes:
...the book really does deliver all it promises and
for a technical publication and that is a tall order.
- Indispensible PC Hardware Book (2nd ed), The
by Messmer
[Recommended]
- Michael Wild writes:
This is easily the most comprehensive and detailed general reference
for the hardware elements of the PC.
- Industrial Control Handbook 3rd ed.
by Andrew Parr
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
If you are in industrial control your company probably has this book
already. If it does not ask "why not?"
- Inside the Windows 95 Registry
by Ron Petrusha
[Recommended]
- Aidan Cooper writes:
If you're a
programmer who intends writing for Win95 then this book really is a must for
your bookshelf...
- Inside the Windows NT File System
by Helen Custer
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you need to know about this topic then read this book.
- Intel Microprocessors, The
by Barry Brey
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
Comprehensive. Not really for those who only need to program.
Not a novice's book. Recommended for those with a hardware
interest.
- Introduction to RISC Assembly Language Programming
by John Waldron
[Recommended]
- Mark Batty writes:
This is a lovely little book; it explains exactly what goes on behind the scenes when we as programmers write
our code.
- LABVIEW Graphical Programming
by Gary Johnson
[Recommended]
- Steve Davies writes:
This is a very useful book that will help fill in the philosophy behind the
system as well as being of direct practical help.
- Linux Device Drivers
by Alessandro Rubini
[Recommended]
- Ian Brunt writes:
It's not only an excellent introduction for those wishing to write device drivers for Linux, but also for those wanting to better understand
the issues relating to device drivers in general.
- Little Audio CD Book, The
by Bob Starrett & Josh McDaniel
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you want to burn CDs from your collection of music, this book will prove a great help
- Microprocessor Architectures
by Steve Heath
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
Students will undoubtedly find this book helpful. Lecturers should get a
copy before their students do. Engineers working on Motorola designs will
also find that it should enhance their work. Recommended for Motorola
users.
- Mother of All Windows 95 Books, The
by Woody Leonhard & Barry Simon
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you do and have to use Windows 95 you will need little
encouragement from me to buy this book.
- PC First Aid Kit
by Marty Jerome & Wendy Taylor
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
Definitely if you use an IBM PC clone this is a book to sit (hopefully
gathering dust) beside your machine.
- PC Intern System Programming
by Michael Tischer
[Highly Recommended]
- Syd Anderson writes:
This huge book is a superb
reference and tutorial on how to do low-level fiddling with just about every
part of the PC system.
- PC Interrupts
by Ralf Brown & Jim Kyle
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you do much PC clone programming using interrupts, system level
resources, which must work with other packages and so on this book is a
valuable reference.
- PIC Your Personal Introductory Course
by John Morton
[Highly Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
Students and hobbyists have a gift in this book! At this price I would not
be surprised if Microchip start giving it away to students instead of the
standard data CD!
- Personal Computer from the Inside Out, The
by Sargent & Shoemaker
[Recommended]
- Michael Wild writes:
It presents a comprehensive overview of the lower layers of the PC from
the silicon to the low-level operating system functions...
- Professional Linux Programming
by Neil Matthew & Richard Stones
[Recommended]
- Mike Ellis writes:
Overall, Professional Linux Programming achieves what it sets out to do - to develop the skills of a 'home hobbyist' programmer to the point
where they could usefully contribute to the GNU world of Open Source
development.
- Programmer's Guide to SCSI, The
by Brian Sawert
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you dabble in hardware programming you will need this book if you
want to write programs that make use of SCSI features. This book
includes information on SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 as well as the Advanced SCSI
Programming Interface (ASPI).
- Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++
by Michael Barr
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
If you wish to get into embedded programming this is a good book. I
like it and would recommend it to students, home users or software
engineers moving to embedded work.
- Protected Mode Software Architecture
by Tom Shanley
[Recommended]
- Brian Bramer writes:
As it stands it is a well written
reference and can be recommended for those interested in how Intel's
386/486/Pentium processors work in protected mode.
- SCSI Bus and IDE Interface 2ed, The
by Friedhelm Schmidt
[Recommended]
- Brian Bramer writes:
A very informative but specialised text of use to the hardware engineer
building interfaces to these busses or the programmer implementing device
drivers.
- Smart Card Handbook
by W Rankl & W Effing
[Highly Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
It is the technical smart card handbook against which all others will be
measured.
- Smart Cards. A guide to building and managing smart card applications
by Henry Dreifus & J. Thomas Monk
[Recommended]
- Chris Hills writes:
For anyone who wants to get into the smart card business this book will be
useful. I would have thought it almost a necessity to potential smart card
business and project managers in the USA.
- Systems Programming for Windows 95
by Walter Oney
[Recommended]
- Gareth Blower writes:
If you are going to write a device driver for
Windows 95, this book is highly recommended, despite the slightly high
price. I only wish there had been something as good when I was writing a
VxD for Windows 3.1!
- Unauthorized Windows 95
by Andrew Schulman
[Recommended]
- Steve Davies writes:
I'm a Schulman fan. I'm pleased that people are exploring software like this
and I'm pleased that they are getting published.
- Undocumented DOS 2nd ed
by Schulman
[Recommended]
- Walter Briscoe writes:
A Programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures...
- Undocumented DOS
by Andrew Schulman
[Highly Recommended]
- Syd Anderson writes:
Thoroughly
recommended and well worth every penny at £35.96.
- Undocumented Windows
by A Schulman
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
Recommended to serious developers and good old fashioned code
hackers.
- Upgrading and Repairing PCs (6ed)
by Scott Mueller
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you are a serious hardware dabbler this book will be well worth its
price.
- VHDL for Designers
by S Sjoholm & L Lindh
[Recommended]
- Brian Bramer writes:
This book is an excellent introduction to VHDL suitable for students on
engineering, computing or IT courses or practising engineers who need to
learn and use VHDL.
- Windows Annoyances
by D A Karp
[Recommended]
- Brian Bramer writes:
This is a good book full of useful practical tips and techniques. It would be
useful for system administrators, IT managers, professional programmers or
anyone who needs to overcome or at least alleviate problems with Windows 95
or NT.
- Windows Internals
by Matt Pietrek
[Recommended]
- Roger Woollett writes:
In the absence of proper documentation from Microsoft,
which we are unlikely to get, this provides the best alternative.
- Windows Undocumented File Formats
by Pete Davis & Mike Wallace
[Recommended]
- Francis Glassborow writes:
If you need to interact with Microsoft generated files then you almost certainly need this book. It is as simple as that.
- Writing Unix Device Drivers
by G. Pajari
[Recommended]
- Philip Kerrigan writes:
How can you not recommend a book that includes in its acknowledgements
McEwan's Scotch Malt Liquor? I think this is a good book and I enjoyed
reading it.
- Writing Windows Virtual Device Drivers
by David Thielen & Bryan Woodruff
[Recommended]
- Derek Jones writes:
So for its specialist intended audience I
have no trouble recommending this book.
- Writing Windows VxDs and Device Drivers
by Karen Hazzah
[Recommended]
- Michael Wild writes:
I'm not going
to say much about it, because it's a case of 'if you need to work in this
field get this book'.
- Zen of Graphics Programming
by Michael Abrash
[Highly Recommended]
- Shanawaz Basith writes:
Overall
the book is very well written, contains much useful information and is well
complemented with lots of example code; a real treasure trove.
Please note that opinions are those of the individual reviewers.
Last Update - 13 May 2001.
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